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Smeaton had noted that the "hydraulicity" of the lime was
directly related to the clay content of the limestone from which it was made.
Apparently unaware of
Smeaton's work, the same principle was identified by Louis Vicat in
the first decade of the nineteenth century. Vicat went on to devise a
method of combining chalk and clay into an intimate mixture, and, burning
this, produced an "Artificial Cement" in 1817.
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