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Vincent Chu answers......
Sometimes the side of concrete bridges is observed to turn black in colour. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
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Vincent T. H. Chu is renowned internationally Photograph of vincent chuas walking encyclopedia of civil engineering. Author of a number of widely acclaimed civil engineering books, Mr Chu is recipient of various reputed awards including Young Engineer of the Year Award 2008 (Merit) by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers &  Ombudsman’s Award 2007 (under complaint-related category). He is also listed in 11th Edition of Marquis Who's Who in Science and Engineering. ConcreteBasics.org thanks him for his exemplary contribution to the cause of civil engineers around the world.
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In some cases, it may be due to the accumulation of dust and dirt. However, for the majority of such  phenomenon, it is due to fungus or algae growth on concrete bridges. After rainfall, the bridge surface absorbs water and retains it for a certain period of time. This provides a good habitat for fungus or  algae to grow. 
Moreover, atmospheric pollution  and  proximity of  plants  provide  nutrients  for  their  growth.  Improvement  in drainage details and application of painting and coating to bridges  help to  solve this problem.
Reference: 200 Questions and Answers on Practical Civil Engineering Works by Vincent Chu
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