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Vincent Chu answers...... 
What is “preset” during installation of bridge bearings?
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Vincent T. H. Chu is renowned internationally Photograph of vincent chuas walking encyclopedia of civil engineering. Author of a number of widely acclaimed civil engineering books, Mr Chu is recipient of various reputed awards including Young Engineer of the Year Award 2008 (Merit) by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers &  Ombudsman’s Award 2007 (under complaint-related category). He is also listed in 11th Edition of Marquis Who's Who in Science and Engineering. ConcreteBasics.org thanks him for his exemplary contribution to the cause of civil engineers around the world.
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“Preset” is a method to reduce the size of upper plates of sliding bearings in order to save the material cost. 

The normal length of a upper bearing plate should be composed of the following components:

Length of bearing + 2 x irreversible movement +
2 x reversible movement.

Initially the  bearing is placed at  the  mid-point of the upper bearing plate without  considering  the  directional  effect  of  irreversible   movement.  

However,  as irreversible  movement  normally  takes  place  at  one  direction  only,  the   bearing  is displaced/presetted a distance of (irreversible movement/2) from the mid-point of bearing in which the length of upper plate length is equal to the length of bearing + irreversible movement + 2 x  reversible movement.

In this arrangement, the size of upper plate is minimized in which irreversible movement takes place in one direction only and there is no need to include the component of two irreversible movements in the upper plate.

Note: Preset” refers to the displacement of a certain distance of sliding bearings with respect to upper bearing plates during installation of bearings.

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Reference: 200 Questions and Answers on Practical Civil Engineering Works by Vincent Chu
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