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Vincent Chu answers......
Some codes limit the ratio of weight of hammer to weight of pile for pile driving. What is the reason behind this?
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Vincent T. H. Chu is renowned internationally Photograph of vincent chuas walking encyclopedia of civil engineering. Author of a number of widely acclaimed civil engineering books, Mr Chu is recipient of various reputed awards including Young Engineer of the Year Award 2008 (Merit) by the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers &  Ombudsman’s Award 2007 (under complaint-related category). He is also listed in 11th Edition of Marquis Who's Who in Science and Engineering. ConcreteBasics.org thanks him for his exemplary contribution to the cause of civil engineers around the world.
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When a hammer with initial motion strikes a stationary pile, the transfer of energy is most efficient when the two masses are comparable.

That is the reason why some codes limit the ratio of weight of hammer to the weight of pile to be more than 0.5.

If the weight of hammer is too low, most of energy during hammer driving is distributed to the hammer and this causes tension to be induced in hammer and results in inefficient transfer of energy.

Reference: 200 Questions and Answers on Practical Civil Engineering Works by Vincent Chu
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