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During formation of clinker in the kiln some 20-30% of the material becomes liquid; on subsequent cooling, crystallization takes place but there is always some material which under cools to glass.

When the rate of cooling of clinker is very slow full crystallization may occur (i.e. there is no formation of glass).

But there are two disadvantages of lower glass content:

1. “Dusting” takes place which is basically: expansion + powdering.

2. Cementing properties may get compromised to a small extent.

There are some advantages of lower glass content also like improvement in grindability of clinker.

The range of glass content in commercial clinkers, determined by Heat of Solution method is between 2 and 21%. An optical microscope indicates much lower values.

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